Analysis of Roderick Usher’s character in the story The Fall of the house of Usher Essay

Question: Roderick Usher is a complicated character who seems to be both physically and mentally unstable; on top of that he is also terrified. What is he so afraid of that causes him to act this way towards Madeline and the others? It is because he had committed incest, hence a sense of guilt for his actions? Or is it because he is the last in line of the usher family? Use Freudian psychoanalysis to examine the character of Roderick Usher. To study an individual character by Freud’s psychoanalytical method one must first look into how a mind is divided. According to Freud psychoanalysis there are 3 layers in one’s mind: innermost layer ID (our subconscious state of mind), then super ego (dealing with human conscience of right and wrong) and outermost layer of the human ego (our conscious self). Freud states that an individual can only control two-third of their mind that is the remaining one-third – the ID cannot be controlled nor can one be even aware of its state. ID, which is our ‘actual self’, the honest complicated inner-being which decides our actions, even the ones we are incapable of explaining is something beyond one’s reach. One does not have any idea of what is going on that part of their mind; all the repressed feelings are also stored in this section. Freud also mentioned that these repressed feelings or actions always emerge in the most ‘violent’ possible and unexpected ways and that explains Roderick’s actions throughout the story. These repressed feelings can sometimes disguise in the form of something noble or kind. This outburst is termed as Freudian slip: unintended actions or reactions due to repressed feelings. Usher being the last male clan of his family invites his friend the narrator to the Usher house. This story leaves us with many questions beginning with no complete explanation of the narrator’s motives for arriving at the house of Usher or the other way around, why did Usher invite his friend? A few possible reasons could be that Roderick knew he would not survive so he wanted someone to witness the last moments or actions that would take place or just be with him, or maybe he wanted someone to justify the sexual tension between him and his sister Madeline. And if a sexual tension did exist between the twins then his sense of guilt and fear can also be justified. Roderick and Madeline were like two halves of the same circle, and therefore maybe the presence of an incestual relationship would make a little sense. In the contemporary period intermarriages was a popular practice among the upper class royal families and since their family has no enduring branches, all offsprings were probably reproduced incestuously within the perimeter of the house. However, another reason why Roderick could have invited the narrator could be because he may have been homosexual and maybe felt something towards his childhood friend. It is strange why Roderick specifically chooses the narrator and no one else, like the other parts of the story, this part is equally mysterious. Madeline is a ghostly figure in the story, more like she’s in the background, we only hear of Roderick and the narrator spending time together. And hence, the sexual orientation could be a possible explanation. Roderick seemed to be suffering from hyperesthesia – excessive physical sensitivity, especially of the skin (Oxford Dictionary). At the same time Madeline was cataleptic – a medical condition characterized by a trance or seizure with a loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body (Oxford Dictionary). Therefore she never lived in the real world, she was unaware of the circumstances, and absolutely lived in her own world. They were both mentally unstable, the twins. Roderick and Madeline both looked pale; it’s as if one was ill because the other was. Now this also brings about questions in our minds about the mental condition of their previous generations. In most cases people inherit such disorders. So if we consider the mental disorder to be genetic, the Freudian slip adds to it and makes it worse, and definitely makes a person totally unstable mentally. The narrator’s description give us an idea of how healthy Roderick used to be once and how his health from what the narrator sees after he goes to the Usher house has gone worse. To sum up Roderick’s character analysis, it can be said, that his disorder is somewhat genetic which is multiplied because of his repressed emotions. What probably made him so scared was people finding out about his past or incestual desires if there were any. And that is why maybe he buried his sister alive, he thought burying the sister would be burying the truth. His sister was the only kin for years alone with him, and since they were halves of the same circle, therefore the incestual relationship does make a little sense. The Freudian slip may have evoked some unusual actions towards his sister resulting into incest.

Defining Prejudice Essay

Prejudice-a preconceived negative judgement of a group and its individual members. -prejudice is an attitude. The negative evaluations that mark prejudice often are supported by negative beliefs called stereotypes. Forms of prejudice Stereotype – a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Discrimination- unjustified negative behaviour toward a group or its members. Racism- an individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given race or institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race. Sexism- an individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given sex. Racial prejudice In the context of the world, Every race is a minority. Most folks see prejudice in other people. -is racial prejudice disappearing? -in 1942 most Americans agreed that there should be separate sections for negroes on streetcars and buses. -parents both black and white suggested that their children should know the history of blacks and whites. -most black and white would likely to vote a black American for president. In the United States, whites tend to compare the present with the oppressive past and to perceive swift and radical progress. Blacks tend to compare their present with their ideal world, which has not yet been realized, and to perceive somewhat less progress. Gender Prejudice – people’s prejudgment on others based on gender. Gender Stereotype – are simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences, and roles of individuals and/or groups. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers of gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations. the female stereotypic  role is to marry and have children. She is also to put her family’s welfare before her own; be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and sympathetic; and find time to be sexy and feel beautiful. The male stereotypic role is to be the financial provider. He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and career†focused; hold his emotions in check; and always initiate sex. These sorts of stereotypes can prove harmful; they can stifle individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and professional growth. Ambivalent Sexism – Ambivalent sexism is an ideology composed of both a â€Å"hostile† and â€Å"benevolent† prejudice toward women. Hostile sexism is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to control men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but is actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of men’s protection. What causes ambivalent sexism? According to Professors Glick and Fiske, sexist ambivalence is the result of two basic facts about relations between women and men: male dominance (patriarchy) and interdependence between the sexes. Male dominance is prevalent across cultures, with men dominating high status roles in business, government, religious institutions, and so forth. Hostile sexism arises in large part because dominant groups tend to create hostile ideologies concerning the inferiority of other groups. Despite male dominance, however, men are often highly dependent upon women as wives, mothers, and romantic partners. This dependence fosters benevolent sexism, which recognizes women as valuable and attractive (an attitude not generally present in prejudices such as racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia, in which the targets of prejudice are typically shunned or loathed). Gender Discrimination – Discrimination based on gender or sex Where and When Can Gender Discrimination Occur? Employment – Including claims that a potential employer asked discriminatory questions based on gender during the interview process; claims that an employer failed to hire, failed to promote, or wrongfully terminated an  employee based on his or her gender; unequal pay claims; and claims for sexual harassment of employees. Education – Including claims for exclusion from educational programs or opportunities based on gender; and claims for sexual harassment of students. Housing – Including claims for refusal to negotiate with a person seeking housing, claims for imposition of different lease/contract terms, and claims for refusal to extend a loan based on the gender of the applicant/tenant/buyer. Borrowing / Credit – Including claims for refusal to extend credit, claims for imposition of unequal loan terms, and claims arising from improper inquiries during the credit/loan approval process, based on the gender of the applicant. 3 SOURCES OF PREJUDICE Social Source Emotional Source Cognitive Source Social Sources of Prejudice The self-fulfilling prophecy: where a belief is accepted as truth, & in stating it, becomes true. Stereotype Threat Stereotype threat is â€Å"the threat of being viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype, or the fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype,† such as the stereotype that women perform poorly in math. Some students try to escape stereotype threat by misidentifying with the part of life in which the stereotype originates, such as race or ethnic identities. Emotional Sources of Prejudice Frustration & aggression: The Scapegoat Theory: When problems occur, people do not like to blame themselves. They will thus actively seek scapegoats onto whom they can displace their aggression. Scapegoats may be out-group individuals or even entire groups. Powerless people who cannot easily resist will often become victims of scapegoating. Scapegoating increases when people are frustrated &  seeking an outlet for their anger. The Realistic Group Conflict Theory When there are limited resources, then this leads to conflict, prejudice & discrimination between groups who seek that common resource. Cross-race/ Other-race Effect Refers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of one’s own race. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. The results from this study showed that witnesses correctly identified 65 % of the defendants which were of the same race as them. On the other hand, 45% of the defendants were identified which belonged to a different race than the witnesses. Just-world Phenomenon The just-world phenomenon, refers to the tendency for people to believe that the world is â€Å"just† & so therefore people get what they deserve.† It wrongly colors our impression of â€Å"victims† of any sort. Controversies and Prominent Topics Sexism Nationalism Classism Sexual Discrimination Racism Religious Discrimination Linguistic Discrimination Reducing Prejudice The contact hypothesis The contact hypothesis predicts that prejudice can only be reduced when in-group and out-group members are brought together. In particular, there are six conditions that must be met to reduce prejudice, as were cultivated in Elliot Aronson’s Jigsaw Classroom. First, the in- and out- groups must have a degree of mutual interdependence. Second, both groups need to share a common goal. Third, the two groups must have equal status. Fourth, there  must be frequent opportunities for informal and interpersonal contact between groups. Fifth, there should be multiple contacts between the in- and the out- groups. Finally, social norms of equality must exist and be present to foster prejudice reduction.

Childrens Attachment Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Childrens Attachment Styles - Essay Example According to Van Wagner (n.d.), "attachment is a special emotional relationship that involves an exchange of comfort, care, and pleasure". Attachment, which has branched out to many researches and studies have originated from John Bowlby's theory of attachment. That is, it is in human's nature to have the tendency to make strong emotional bonds and connections to particular individuals. Attachment styles that are attained in childhood can have a probable effect on how a child grows into adulthood. Through this theory, there is a better understanding of child development. Kassin (2004) defines styles of attachments as the secure and insecure attachment. These types of attachments were recognized after the "Strange Situation" test done on parents and their infants to test their reactions after a "separation and reunion" procedure. An infant with a secure attachment is secure when the parent is present. Although distressed by separation, there is no significant trouble when this happens. Upon reuniting with parents after separation, a securely attached child welcomes the parent positively. The insecure styles ... Though distressed if separated from parent or caregiver, the infant seems to feel no relief in the parent's return and may show hostility toward the parent. For the avoidant-insecure attached child, they tend to avoid parents. While they do not reject attention from parents, they also do not seek comfort from parents whenever scared or frightened. The avoidant-insecure attached child seems to have no preference between a stranger and the parent. On the other hand, the disorganized-insecure attached child seems to have a mixed reaction to their parents or caregiver that includes avoidance and resistance. Here, the child appears to show a hesitant or unsure behavior towards the parent or caregiver. After separation, the child probably might seek contact with the parent but will resist the comfort given by the parent. The child's confusing behavior could be caused by a parent being both a fear and reassurance figure to a child. While children do develop styles of attachment at infancy, there are a great many possibilities in how he behaves at adulthood. Ainsworth (1989) stresses in her research that "one must be alert on the fact that key changes in the nature of attachment may be occasioned by hormonal, neurophysiological, and cognitive changes and not merely by socioemotional experience" Here, Ainsworth extended the attachment theory throughout the life cycle to consider the developmental changes in children's attachment style towards parents or surrogate figures and other affectional bonds that he may develop towards others later in life. In another research by Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991), they proposed a new 4-group model of attachment styles at adulthood. Through

Discuss how a DNP ( Doctor of nursing practice) is different from a Essay

Discuss how a DNP ( Doctor of nursing practice) is different from a traditional phD program - Essay Example In other words DNP graduates are expected to show proficiency in transforming research in practice, reviewing data, applying research in management, and realizing feasible clinical innovations to revolutionize practice (AACN, 2009). While the goals of PhD are academic and research oriented, DNP is leadership oriented. DNP is considered as a practice-oriented or professional terminal degree (AACN, 2004). The long-established goals of PhD programs such as research publications, scholarship income, and desirability of postgraduate students does not have much relevance in DNP or the clinical world. However, the PhD program is having its own identity as it is a through outcome of one’s philosophical values. These values need to be well recognized in the philosophy of science and is very essential for PhD programs. Since the doctoral term is a common entity in both DNP and PhD, there is a great deal of dilemma as to which one is superior and how to balance research and clinical educ ation for advanced degrees in case a student wants to acquire both degrees.

Major case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Major case study - Research Paper Example It has experienced a rapid and dramatic growth in recent year’s world over and is closely connected to eco-tourism along with sustainable-tourism. 1.1 Introduction Wildlife tourism is defined as trips to places with the sole reason of viewing the fauna. According to the definition, it shows that wildlife tourism comprises of different niche markets such as birds watching, exploring marine life like how crocodiles live, swimming and feeding habits of big water mammals such as whales and others. This type of tourism is based upon the animals that are not domesticated. The viewing of animals takes place in different locations; these include animals’ natural habitat or environment where they live. Tourism involves actions that are termed as non-consumptive, these include taking photographs, looking at the places and observing eating procedures, also participating in events that involve game hunting and catching the animals by use of traps, as well as recreational fishing. W ildlife tourism can involve tours, experiences accessible in association with the accommodation of tourists, attractions at fixed sites, or it can come about as unguided meeting by independent travelers (Spenceley, 2012, pp. 85-88). 1.2 Stakeholders in wildlife tourism Wildlife tourism has several stakeholders. The first stakeholders in this sector are the visitors. They have an expectation of accessing experiences that are of affordable high quality. These experiences include interesting activities of wildlife watching and guided excursions. Some tourists would like to have opportunities to familiarize themselves with the local culture through interacting with the people inhabiting those areas (Benson, 2001, p. 132). Another set of stakeholders in the tourism industry includes private and public sectors, such as travelling and bringing together industrial associations. This ensures that there is development in the wildlife sector. They also ensure the individual operators get maxim um short term profits. The third stakeholder is the host and the indigenous community. The indigenous community improves minimal negative social effect of this sector. While capitalizing on profits from the local area, they ensure that there is no disruption on the local wildlife (Lovelock, 2007, pp. 152-156). Another role they play is trying to protect the environment together with the livelihood assets, at the same time minimizing the disturbance that might be encountered by the community, hence, disturbing the culture. It has the capability of adding tourism-related benefits, such as improving the condition of living, creating job opportunities for the locals, improving the infrastructure with the local business opportunities, and this will stimulate revenue generation (Sosinski, 2011, p. 88). Wildlife managers in public plus private sectors are other stakeholders whose sole duty is the conservation, NGOs protection of wildlife habitats, biodiversity, generation of revenues, comi ng up with awareness programs through wildlife tourism so that the locals will understand why the environment should be conserved. They should also show the government, general public and local people the importance of conserving the environment. They make use of tourism in the support of goals of conservation (Newsome, Ross, & Moore, 2005, p.256). The government agencies are a stakeholder

Explain how Germany has sought to have both some security and Essay

Explain how Germany has sought to have both some security and flexibility in its labour markets. Have these approaches been su - Essay Example Social security represents the employment security and social security. The purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of â€Å"flexicurity†. This concept relates to a positive relationship between the two aspects of labour market security and flexibility (Sauert, 2009). However, there are opposing views regarding the concept of flexicurity as well. According to authors like, Stanford and Vosco, increasing flexibility in labour markets is synonymous to decreasing flexibility (Rodgers, 2012). The aim of this paper is to study the context of labour market security and flexibility in Germany and the impact of it on the workforce, especially young workers. This paper also analyses the scenario of wage stagnation and mini jobs in Germany, owing to the labour market conditions. Flexibility and Security of Labour markets: Germany One of the key challenges of the member countries in the European Union is to strike the perfect balance between the flexibility and security of the labour market. The main action of policy makers in this regard has been to pass on the responsibility to the social partners. The underlying assumption in this case is that a well-balanced social dialogue leads to a well-balanced social market (Wilthagen, n.d.). ... In particular regard to Germany, the academic literature is more of a divided nature. One section of the academic fraternity believes that the labour flexibility in the German markets must increase as a precursor to reduce the high level of unemployment in the country. However, the emphasis of the government has been more on increasing the income and job security (Wilthagen, Tros and Lieshout, 2003). Regarding the flexibility status, Germany maintains a vision of internal numerical flexibility. Flexibility of working hours and reduction of overtime continues to be one of the most important policy considerations for the future. Over the recent years, the German Labour market has undergone a great degree of transformation, after suffering great levels of unemployment, both structural and long-term, for decades. The level of difficulty was higher for the unemployed workers as they found it difficult to enter the labour market. Since 2000, the introduction of reforms in the labour market s had widely changed the employment structure in the German labour market. Germany had mainly structured its policy around flexicurity, which aimed at less generous benefit system and lower level of protection against dismissal. The flexicurity model employed by Germany mainly relied on developing a well-built social security system, which structured the labour market policies in a way that would employ the people without jobs. The successful reform package of Germany can be traced to the introduction of reforms by Hartz in between 2002-2005 (Federal Republic of Germany, 2004) and Agenda 2010. The key feature has been to employ the job seekers and enhance the flexibility of labour markets. The main recommendations of the Hartz commission have been

Israeli palestinian conflict Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Israeli palestinian conflict - Term Paper Example The pace of development is rapid which is also challenging Americans. They have not been able to resolve many disputes including the Israel and Palestinian conflict. They do not know how to cope with it. Another stance by the American government is of changing loyalties that has created mistrust among the Middle Eastern countries. Various circumstances in the past reflect it. Other than helping the countries in promoting their local policy for peace, America uses force to maintain. This in return invites rebellion. The wars done by America especially in Afghanistan was very costly. It impacts not only their economy but also worldwide. The American public even does not align its interests with the government. They have a divided opinion and this creates it difficult for the government to decide. About the stature and view of America from the world, they expect it to act as a super power. Issues inside America as shutdown of federal posts and offices are alarming not only for Americans but also for the entire world. Such things are a blow to the prestige of the American policies for even their own people. The world economy in return is impacted by it. The allies of American have to rethink how much they can trust investing in businesses in America. If the military functions as it is while federal jobs are laid off, the people will open their eyes and realize where the budgeting is put in to. The policies set by the American government were deemed tobe ideal for a diplomatic country but the crises within America has led to hesitation from other countries in adopting such policies. Their newly introduced health care program is questionable as well. By allowing Russia to provide a middle line while dealing with Syria has made the world believe that American is not the only global decision maker but Russia also exists other than the super power. A survey was conducted on the views of America from around the world. The results indicate that Middle East and south Asia have the most negative views on America [1]. In this article I will focus on Israel and Palestine conflict. Key Issues: The key issues in the Israel-Palestinian conflict include Jerusalem as the main bone of contention. They both claim to own it. Both sides have a deep respect for it based on their religious beliefs. The conflict of this region is that Israelis are of the view that they should maintain their control over it. Palestinians believe that they should have the control over Jerusalem as they had on the part of it before 1967. Israel declaring the disputed region as its capital in its law is very disturbing for the Arab nations as it was acquired with wars and its ownership is not yet resolved. Both nations seem to have concerns over practicing religion in the areas governed by the other nation. There have been incidents in the past in which people have been banned from visiting their holy places and practicing their religion. The other issues between the two nations I of t he Palestinian refugees. They fled to save their lives in 1967. As a result they were not given any nationality. Even after 30 years of war, these people are forced to live in refugee camps. Many of them are now born outside Israel but they should have a right to return to their homeland. Israel refuses this right and declares that other Arab nations should give them nationalities that have acted as their host countries. They also deny expelling these people from

Prejudice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Prejudice - Assignment Example The book Sky Burial is indeed a captivating novel of all time, considering the manner in which the story of Wen develops. After just a few months of marriage, Wen’s husband is taken by the Chinese army into Tibet in an urge to unify the Tibet and China. Information later comes that Wen’s husband had been killed, but little details is given on the same. Wen is then forced to go to Tibet in search of her husband after joining the army. However, she is later separated from the regiment, a point in which she wanders in trying to find her way out, with the only help coming from a group of nomads. With the assistance of the nomads, Wen journeys from place to another until she finally comes to discovering the whole truth surrounding the death of her husband. Xinran in writing the book; recreates the journey that Wen underwent, incorporating the instances of emptiness and silence that Wen underwent in an urge to find her love. It is based on such a perspective that the book has been assigned in comparing the real story and how Xinran develops it in the

Points of View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Points of View - Essay Example In this instance, the articles insist that for the students to be fully active in critical thinking, the educator’s needs to act as facilitators. In the process, it will allow for the discussions that will promote a freedom of thought. Apart from the freedom of thought, it will also provide the environment that creates an opportunity for the students critically to understand the concepts that come various areas related to the field of education. On top of that, the articles add that the educators’ role, in this case, is to encourage the peer review process even from the young children (Choy, Cheah, 2009). As a result, it will enable them to understand the appropriate solutions and opinions relating to problems and issues in education. For instance, through engaging the students in such activities as writing of the essays, he articles reiterates that it will enable the students to develop their critical thinking capability. From the research conducted on the issue of critical thinking in education, the data got from the two credible articles supported the already sought opinion before. For instance, through working hard, students will develop some promising results in their critical capability as they continuously learn the concepts and the ideologies that the educators impart on them (Choy, Cheah, 2009). In relevance to the research on critical thinking, when compared to the opinion initially developed in education, critical thinking has some importance in the education sector. However, it fails to answer the below questions; An opinion formulated relating to education must be in place. The information should promote the development of an individual’s capability towards making informed decisions in critical thinking (Arend, 2009). Arend, B. (2009). The Journal Of Educators Online, Volume 6, Number 1, January 2009 1,  Encouraging Critical Thinking In Online Threaded Discussions.  The Journal

DE 8032 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DE 8032 - Essay Example This is usually run by organizations for profit and contributions paid by people. Additionally, social insurance is also used where employees and employers make compulsory contributions in form of premiums to cater for non-employed individuals (Pauly, McGuire & Barros, 2011). The financing structure, as well as, payer mix is different in these different funding modes. This is especially so in the in the general taxation. General taxation is very efficient because of its containment aspect. Additionally, it’s financing strategy forces prioritization of cash limited healthcare budgets set by the government allowing tradeoffs with other public health priorities like reduction of poverty and education. There is a low administrative cost in this mode of funding and can assist individuals during difficult times. This is because of the fact that it draws revenue from a wide base in minimizing distortions in economic sectors. One of the organizations that has really benefited from this funding methodology is the National Cancer Institute. Additionally, national institute of health is another institution that is funded using the general tax. Organizations are usually dynamic structures that are managed like other systems and they usually function excellently when their components are designed to operate together efficiently and smoothly. Therefore, alignment of healthcare organizational mission, vision and values with the department, division as well as individual performance should be enhanced. Leaders can achieve this by building an efficient leadership system that integrates individual performance with the organization’s mission and vision. This can also be achieved obtaining and maintaining long-term support by the governing executives. This can also be achieved by allowing people to generate ideas which will enhance their performance and as well as cohesion. Leaders can embark on setting appropriate strategies that will enhance individual

Human Resource Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Plan Essay As a startup healthcare staffing agency for per diem, temporary and travel healthcare employment, human resources are our product; as such, a Human Resource Management Plan is vital to the success of this agency. This plan has been put together with input of management/ recruitment, sales and employee representatives. This is tool to aid in the building of this company, clearly defining roles and job responsibilities of the administrative staff; stressing the laws with which this company will comply; adding clear cut job descriptions for the labor force; and includes information on staffing, employee development/training and compensation strategies. Roles and Responsibilities Manager – Is responsible for the overall success of the human resource department. The manager will implement and define job descriptions; the training program; and contracts. The manager will procure all insurance, will assure compliance with JCAHO regulations and make sure that all state and federal statues are met as well as that all relevant laws and regulations are adhered to. The manager is responsible for acquiring human resources as well as being the final decision maker as to the hiring and termination of all employees. The manager must possess the following skills: leadership/management, budgeting, compliance will all legal binds, and effective communication. Sales Manager- the SM will be responsible for: initiating all contact with clients; following up on these contacts; negotiating for a contract between this company and client; ensuring that all contractual agreements are complied with; and developing a working relationship with client’s HR departments. The SM must possess the following skills: leadership, compliance with all legal binds, effective communication, the autonomy to make decisions and the ability to project respect of client and engender the appearance of trust, integrity and a positive image of the company. Support Personnel – the SP will be responsible for: all coding and billing; answering phones; requesting all background searches (criminal as well as credit); light booking such as time sheets and payroll; keeping track of all licenses, certification, contract and insurance expiration dates; scheduling of all employees; sending and sorting all correspondence; placing advertisements; and updating the website as needed. The SP must have the following skills: organization, trustworthiness, ability to comply with all reasonable requests by management and sales, keep a consistent and reliable work schedule, have the ability to keep all information private, and have a good work ethic and personality that reflects the image this company wants to convey. Legal Requirements The sales product of our company is its human resources. As such, there is a myriad of laws and statutes that require total attention to address HR legal compliance. Adhering to these regulations is tantamount to success for this company. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act is the chief statute that this company must adhere to. Every attempt will be made to reduce/avoid violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act that protects against discrimination of race, color, sex (including pregnancy), religion and national origin (EEOC, 2012). Nor will there be violations of the Age Discrimination Act of 1967 and its’ amendments. There will be training in and awareness of disparate treatment of applicants including the EEOC’s new regulations on not hiring based on criminal background so that these laws are not violated (EEOC, 2012). It is our responsibility to give our clients the best candidate to fit their requirements so the job description should reflect clearly and without any ambiguity, the limitations of each position. However, records will be kept in accordance with EEOC regulations of all applicants as well as ensuring that all accommodations are made for any disabilities Punitive and compensatory damages can be levied against this company for violations of these acts. Benefits Required Until this company acquires 20+ employees it is not required to offer certain benefits (EEOC, 2012). The majority of its’ employees will be contract workers and as such, they are required to possess their own liability insurance, will not have access to company provided health insurance, disability or retirement benefits. Government required assistances such as COBRA, FMLA and ERIS plans will not be included in any benefit package until such time as this company hires salaried employees at the required minimum (EEOC, Disabilities 2012). At that time this policy will be revisited. OSHA regulations will be strictly enforced at the company’s geographical location and the appropriate information will be posted. Violations can be subject to penalties of up to $500,000. 00 and up to six months in jail (U. S. Legal, 2010-2013). Job Description of Contract Staff Attached is a sample job description for a RN with a psych component and psych experience. (See addendum 1). This description has been carefully analyzed and developed in accordance with all laws and regulations and will be give to our clients for comparison so that their HR department’s job escriptions are legally within all perimeters required and reflect essential job functions. This description was designed with help from the O*Net Online website and the Uniform Guidelines for Employee Selection Procedures. This company’s mission is to supply RNs’, LPNs’, CNAs’, NAs’, Social service, therapeutic, as well as any other healthcare related staff on temporary need basis for hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, including home care. Our job descriptions must reflect this clearly and include the requirements given us in the contract with our clients. Any limitations are those supplied to us by our client’s HR department and do not represent limitations on hiring by this company or any employees of this company. Each individual HR department will provide NOLA Nursing Agency with their job descriptions but we reserve the right to change any portion of this design to reflect current laws in agreement with the client’s HR department (Fried and Fottler, 2012, pp. 171,173,174, 176). Staffing and Employee Development Staffing will be guided by each individual job description. Jobs will be filled with the applicants who best fit with the requirements of our clients, suitability of the position and expectations of NOLA Nursing. Our hiring motto is â€Å"Best Person, Best Fit, equals Best Care. † To ensure excellence in training of our per diem staff by NNA before additional training is undertaken after hire, we will use the COPA model by Lenburg. The COPA model of assessment of competency by Lenburg provides for a framework to ensure that teaching and learning of skills by nurses are interactive and student focused. NNA will use this framework to prepare per diem nurses/healthcare staff for employment. Below are the four major questions complied in this model: 1. What are the essential competencies and outcomes for contemporary practice? 2. What are the indicators that define those competencies? 3. What are the most effective ways to learn those competencies? And, 4. What are the most effective ways to document that learners and/or practioners have achieved the required competencies? To further prepare our healthcare staff will use Lenburg’s eight core practice competencies with sub skill to grade new staff and use the data collected to fill out each individual’s skill set. See Addendum 2) It will also be incumbent upon NOLA Nursing Agency: * To recruit the best applicants to fulfill the specified job qualifications for our clients. This will include the initial structured interview which will test job-competency and access the applicant’s suitability for the position. A realistic job preview will be given to the chosen applicant before selection to increase th e success of the person-job/organization fit. (Fried et al, 2012, pp. 209, 211-212) * An employment agreement will be drafted and signed by NNA along the candidate and will be enforced by NNA. A separation agreement will also be initiated by NNA after receiving information by client and if necessary, an exit interview will be performed by same. * Preform all background checks including: job and education histories, criminal and civil backgrounds, validation of licenses/certifications/credentials, and checks of personal and professional references. A report will be made available to clients with signed permission of the applicant and adhering to required laws. Drug screening and physical abilities confirmed if required on job description, * Current individual liability insurance validated: copies kept on file as well as expiration dates of the insurance for each contract employee. * Protected class applications will be cataloged and statistics will be submitted to the appropriate government regulation agencies * CEUs for each applicant will be kept up to date and appropriate to the job description * Each applicant will be tested in a skills inventory and given necessary instruction in weak skills. A web bank of nursing skills will be made available so contract applicants can improve on their skill base. * Compensation and any benefits will be negotiated between NOLA Nursing and the applicant * Any issues that arise in the working environment will be mediated by NOLA Nursing and our client. * NOLA Nursing will monitor their contract employee’s job performances and any deficits will be addressed. * A critical incidents analysis will be kept on each contract employee to better select quality candidates for our clients Recruitment will be through advertisements in web based Job Boards, newspapers and participation in job fairs. An active bank of all applicants will be kept updated with a surplus of personnel available for each potential position. All necessary legal regulations and statutes will be considered in job placement and all information given on a particular candidate will be considered on a need to know basis. Our focus should be on giving our client a smooth, issue-free solution to their staffing deficits. While all attempts will be made to make a right person/right fit for each job description, voluntary and involuntary terminations will occur. To this end, the employment agreement between NNA and the applicant will include a section to negotiate issues resulting in a voluntary termination in an attempt to stay the dissolution of the contract. In case of a non-voluntary termination, NNA will act as representative of the employee to mediate any solutions that could result in the fulfillment of the contractual period. With due diligence performed by our company, turnover rates of temporary staff should be above the rate of regular employees. We make all efforts to satisfy our clients and our most important resource, our employees. Evidence based research by Cummins, J. in the online article, Nurse retention strategies: A growing priority, and Perrine, J, in Recruitment and retention report: Strategies to boost RN retention, have shown that the following strategies have improved retention rates, increasing motivation, satisfaction and performance: 1. Promote an environment where RN’s actively participate in the decision making processes that occur at the unit on the institutional level 2. Improve the perception of respect 3. Improve access between RNs’ and the organizational leadership 4.  Assist staff with education and training to meet the changing market needs 5. Lead by Example Compensation Contracts between job applicants and NOLA Nursing will be finalized after compensatory benefits are agreed upon and contracted by NNA and our client. Compensation will be on an hourly and per diem basis. HR will be cognizant of the market pay scale for each job description and compensation will stay above market value to attract competent candidates. Special attention will be given to equal pay for equal opportunities (Equal Pay Act). Diversity Evidence based research by Singleton, K and Krause, E (Sept 2009) in the Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, has found a correlation between the improving health of a patient and the nurse being of the same culture as the patient. Within legal limits, considerations will be given to the population climate of the institution where the deficit of nurses is occurring. We are an equal opportunity employer so anyone who applies will have the same opportunity to be placed in a position per the job description perimeters. Selection will not be determined by race, age, gender, sexual preference, color, religion or national origin. Realities are that nationwide, 90% of U. S. nurses are Caucasian, and blacks and Hispanics are underrepresented per the US population (Aiken, 2007). All applicants will be looked at equally and attempts will be made to place any qualified applicant. Historical Perspective and Current Trends With the cycles of supply and demand on nursing labor market, the opening of the 21st century found healthcare systems trying to catch up with demand (Fried, et al, pp. 90). Many foreign nurses were brought into the States to meet the demand; nearly 15,000 passed the Nclex in 2005 according Aiken, however at the time, â€Å"American nursing schools were turning away applicants because of capacity limitations. † (Aiken, 2007) Projections are that the shortage in 2020 could reach 800,000 to 1. 1 million with a large block of nurses looking to retire from the labor force by 2020. Aiken quotes that graduation of nurses fell from over 95,000 in 1994 to below 70,000 by 2001 with a false increase from 2002-2005 being older nurses reentering the workforce and foreign educated nurses. Current trends have been to raise salaries, provide scholarships and give other incentives to retain and gain nursing staff. However with the lack of nursing teachers, and facilities, there will be again a nursing shortage of graduate nurses and on the other end of the spectrum; retiring nurses. Per Fried and Fottler (pp. 90), more than 30,000 qualified applicants were not accepted into baccalaureate nursing programs in 2007. With the increase in Magnate policies and the increase in associate nursing programs, there will be a shortage of 4 year nurses in the near future. Per Aiken, increases and shortages of nurses into the labor market is contingent upon federal subsidies. When there was a trend toward nursing layoffs in the period between 1995 to 2000 graduations fell causing the latest shortage of nurses. Wages grew 12. 8 % between 2000 -2004. This caused an upsurge in nursing school applicants and many were turned away. Aiken feels that graduations of nurses into the labor pool seem to be keeping up with demand. However the Affordable Care Act will open up primary care to an additional 40 million Americans with a rise in the market for additional nurses (Wakefield, 2010). Government subsidies have changed per the HRSA scholarship opportunities in the last two years. Where concentration was on increasing RN subsidies, now HRSA is concentrating on grants for nurse practitioners and nursing educators and has significantly reduced the monies offered to two and four year RNs. Once again the cycle of reduced enrollments in nursing school should follow the trend of reduced federal subsidies less nursing candidates. This bodes well for our job market niche and should be the basis for growth in this company

Kudler Fine Foods Problem Statement Essay Example for Free

Kudler Fine Foods Problem Statement Essay The following is a problem statement explaining what is currently wrong with Kudlers plans on expansion, and how they can improve these plans. Introduction After reviewing the strategic plan for Kudlers Fine Foods it is obvious there are several issues that will stunt the growth and success of the organization. The company is suffering from a lack of management and poor organization planning. The issues that will be discussed are the poorly developed expansion and growth plans, and the lack of risk management in preparation of a competitor entering the market. Problem Statement The management at Kudler Fine Foods is planning on opening a new location when all of the current locations are not successful, and the company has not done a proper analysis of the need for their services in the area. Also Kudler is not prepared for factors that may decrease the profitability of the company, or factors that can contribute to the failure of a new location. Solution With the Del Mar location not producing profit as expected this is the location management should use to create a market research and analysis plan. By using this location they will be able to determine the factors that are hindering the success of this location and then develop ways to counteract those factors. The benefit is they will improve the business done at that location before opening a new location. By looking at factors like population, socio-economic status in locations surrounding area and health factors in the area can determine what the need are for the community. Management should also look to see where people are purchasing food in the community and what types of food and products are selling at the local grocery. If there are gourmet products selling out of the supermarket than that is a factor that needs to be accounted for. Once the market research is done Kudlers management can the focus on a risk management plan. Before a risk management plan can be established they must know what risk are out there and the market analysis and research will help the company determine what risk and challenges they face. Risk management is a part of a basic business plan, I see where threats are outlined in the strategic plan but there are no alternative plans to minimize each threat nor are there any plans for how to be competitive should a competitor arise. Kudler only considers other gourmet shops as competition they should also consider, grocery stores that sell gourmet foods a competitor. Then they should focus on how to maintain their existing book of business. If Kudler developed their website so customers could place orders online that would give them a way to expand while working on the risk management plans and the online based business would also help with the market research. A high concentration of orders coming from a specific location may be an indicator used to determine where to open a new store. Desired Resolution Kudler Fine Foods will be able to expand all facets of the business and have a risk management plan in place to counter act competition entering the market. Kudler will expand in to locations where they will be successful. Kudler will also have an effective and efficient model for future expansion and growth. Conclusion The goal of Kudler Fine Foods is expansion and growth while increasing profit and the current book of business. By doing the extra research and implementing a risk management program before opening a new location will increase the success of all three current locations and ensure the success of any future locations. It will also help Kudler organize and develop other facets of the business like the website. A little extra work goes along way and with the risk management plan in place and a new location market analysis model being used Kudler Fine Foods should be able to grow and meet all the organizations goals.

Motivation of employees: Häagen-Dazs and Ben Jerrys

Motivation of employees: HÃ ¤agen-Dazs and Ben Jerrys This report provides analysis and research on motivation of employees working in Haagen-dazs and Ben Jerry. It is to find out why in todays business many employees in some companies no longer pay attention to the quality of their work. Method of analysis used for this report is by compare two companies which involved in the same area of business. It is necessary to investigate how they motivate their employees in order to keep their employees loyalty and make sure they perform their best. This report is made to provide information based on the motivation factors that could affect the employees performance level in a company. Employees in some companies operating today are not really performing well in the market. Some of them just do the job in what way they want which caused the company no longer has a lot of loyal customer and of course the companies profit will decrease. For this situation to be stopped, managers of the companies have to bring their employees to a situation whereby it is profitable and worthy for both employees and company. One of many ways to turn on the employees in the company is motivating themselves to do their very best although the manager is not around. As known, leadership styles of a company influence the level of motivation. Motivation is simply defined as what gets you started the drives that move yourself to do what you do. Motivation will lead to a state willingness of putting high effort in achieving organization goals. It is the desire, the passion that makes a human movement. Motivation is related with human psychology which shows the human attitudes, needs, and satisfaction inside human themselves, while other encourage factor from outside human caused by their leader such as manager or supervisor. So, employees motivation is influenced by the changing ambitions or leadership style he works under or socializes with. Motivation talks about how to instruct the power and potential of subordinates, to cooperate together so the company can achieves the goals, vision and mission optimally. To analyse how managers motivate their employees in todays company, this report will compare ice cream companies which are HÃ ¤agen-Dazs and Ben Jerry which have similar business environment. Case study of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs 2.1 Historical background of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Company As known, HÃ ¤agen-Dazs is one of the most famous super premium ice cream in the world. Surprisingly although it has high butterfat content which is not good for health, it is reported that HÃ ¤agen-Dazs has higher sales than the other ice cream market segments. The history of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs starts from the year 1920s. Ruben Mattus, a young entrepreneur with the ambition of high quality of ice cream and his vision to create the finest ice cream in the world. To produce the finest ice cream available, he insisted on using only the finest and purest ingredients. In 1960, Mr Mattus, supported by his wife decided to form a new company which is dedicated to his ice creams vision. He called his new brand HÃ ¤agen-Dazs. (Haagen-dazs, 2008). HÃ ¤agen-Dazs convey the aura of the old-world tradition and craftsmanship and started out with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. At first, HÃ ¤agen-Dazs was only available in New York City. In 1976, Mr. Mattuss daughter opened the first HÃ ¤agen-Dazs shop. It became success and caused the expanded of the shop across the country. ÂÂ  In 1983 Mr. Mattus agreed to sell HÃ ¤agen-Dazs to The Pillsbury Company under the agreement that remained to the tradition of superior quality and innovation as the original HÃ ¤agen-Dazs.ÂÂ  In the year 2001, general millsÂÂ  bought Pillsbury and owned the HÃ ¤agen-Dazs (Haagen-dazs, 2008). In the United State, General Mills sold HÃ ¤agen-Dazs under theÂÂ  NestleÂÂ  licensing brand (Mahalo, 2010). Today, HÃ ¤agen-Dazs can be foundÂÂ  in over 900 HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Shops in 50 countries around the world. HÃ ¤agen-Dazs successfully reached their goals and target and start the me generation (Haagen-dazs, 2008). The motivation used by HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Reward from collecting point HÃ ¤agen-Dazs use the program called Star. This is an online employee reward and recognition program, which operated through a system of point. So the employees are rewarded based on their ability to achieve their monthly sales and the mystery shopping targets of the company. The point that they already have can be redeemed for gifts with the term that they must have worked for a minimum of three months. They also can collect their point first to claim more substantial gift. (allinhr, 2010) Thank you Card For the three top employees for exceeding expectation, company gives them award which takes the form of a Thank You card which says thank you in over 70 languages and has blank space which allow managers to personalize the card recognition. This certificated are displayed in the prominent place in the shop to improve the quality of work. Performance Chart Other motivation element in this company is that they have a performance chart which displayed on the staff notice board. There, employees can check the weekly and monthly sales of the company, which is colorful and easy to understand, includes the weekly motivational message from the manager complete with tips on how to improve the employees performance. (allinhr, 2010) Benefits As an employee in this company, on the top of competitive pay rates, you will also receive discount when buy ice cream. Full-time workers even get benefits packages such as healthcare coverage, and insurance (Job-application, 2010). Another benefits including saving plans advice, annual bonuses, vacation, summer hours, holiday, and flexible work arrangements. This company also offers an educational assistance for employees and family members. (Generalmills, 2011). Supporting environment As the owner of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs, General Mills provides seven diversity networks where employees can participate to exchange their ideas and information on a positive level. (Generalmills, 2011) Case study of Ben Jerrys 3.1 Historical background of Ben Jerrys Company Although the most popular flavour in the U.S. is vanilla, there also have people who like to try something new. Because of such thought, Ben Jerrys came out with funky flavours like Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey and a groovy Vermont vibe. With a $12,000 investment ($4,000 of it borrowed), Ben Cohen and Jerry, a childhood friends, opened their Ben Jerrys Homemade ice cream scoop at the corner of St. Paul and College Streets in downtown Burlington, Vermont, on 5 May 1978. (Benjerry, 2011). Jerry and Ben at first were thought about making bagel cakes, but due to the expensive equipment, they changed it to ice cream. They decided to open the scoop shop at Burlington, Vt., because it was a college town without an ice cream parlor. After their discussion, they took a $5 course on ice-cream making and in 1978 opened the first Ben Jerrys in a converted Burlington gas station. (Daniel Richards, 2011). The shop was quickly famous and became a favourite due to its ice cream taste and creative flavours. BenJerry also offer a free film festival, do some charity for unable people, and giving away free scoops on the first anniversary which continued to happen until now. This business increased significantly and by the year 1987 sales were at $32 million. In the year 2000, this company is sold to Unilever, for $326 million. Under the term of an agreement, it is said that it will continued to operate but separated with Unilever (ciputraentrepreneurship, 2010). Today Ben Jerrys franchisesÂÂ  750 worldwide (marketingteacher, 2010). The motivation used by Ben Jerrys company Ben and Jerry are very concern about people who go along through the successful of their business. They believe that a success of a company comes from the employees support. Cohen then brings back the support to the employees. Benefits According to their website, Ben Jerrys offers some benefits package that includes the paid family leave, three free pints of Vermonts Finest super premium ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbets every day. This is also a company which dedicated to the policy of non-discrimination based on their gender, ethnicity, race, veteran status, sexual orientation, religious, age, national origin, or disability (benjerry,2008). Other benefits that motivate its employees such as free health club membership, sponsored membership to local fitness centre, personal financial planning advice, and the educational cost assistance (benjerry,2008). 3.2.2 Bonus Plan All the full-timer of this company has a right to some form of compensation above their competitive salaries. In 2008, Ben Jerry also apply Variable Pay Award (VPA) plan where bonuses are given based on their individuals performance on achieving goals and targets and also based on the companys financial performance. There also another plan for Ben Jerrys full-timer that made in 2008 called Keys to Enterprise (KTE) plan. This plan focus on the bonuses and incentives which include cash, Ben Bucks which can be redeemed in the company stores, and the other awards. In 2008, the average amount of KTE in Vermont Company was over $510, up from the previous year which is $474 (benjerry, 2008). Supporting environment To further encourage retention and loyalty, Cohen and Greenfield do an experiment about the evacuation of their supervisors by their subordinates, also do the exchange of ideas and opinions freely between employees. Company also have rules that focus on the employees which actually becomes positive impact. Moreover much commendation from the other industries and the important parts is that a lot of companies follow these rules. Leadership program and training also provided to the employees (Terry et al, 2004). Other motivated factors It is called Ben Jerrys Joy Gang, started in 1987 to increase the demand upon employees the first activities included pizza and 15 minutes massages for its manufacturing employees who were working 12 hours. Jerry suggested that they should try to make fun to their official part of their company culture. (Bob smith, 2005). Comparison Table Haagen-dazs BenJerry Similarities Healthcare coverage, insurance, and educational assistance. Employees can participate to exchange their ideas and information freely. Bonuses are given based on their individual performance. Personal financial planning advice. Competitive salaries and pay rates. Differences Online employees reward by collecting point to be redeemed for gifts. Top employees whose performance were very satisfying, is given a thank you card which says thank you in over 70 languages. Discount for employees when buy ice cream. Performance chart which displayed on the staff notice board, including manager tips on how to improve employees performance. Annual bonuses, vacation, summer hours, and flexible works arrangements. Have Keys to Enterprise plan which include bonuses and incentives given by cash and Ben Bucks which redeemed for gifts. Dedicated to the policy of non-discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity. Free three pints of Vermonts finest super premium ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbets every day. It is called Ben Jerrys Joy Gang, which came from Jerrys suggestion to make fun become a part of their official companys culture. Leadership program and training for employees. Conclusion In the real situation, although companies have a similar business environment, they still have difference strategy in motivating and leading their employees. As what has been shown above, Haagen-dazs and Ben Jerry almost have the same strategy in motivating their employees, but they still have their own strategy in motivating their employees. Generally, they use such as reward, acknowledgement, and appraisal in order to trigger employees motivation. When employees feel appreciated, their motivation level is boost leading to satisfaction of employees working in the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that motivation is an encourage which comes from inside and outside human in their effort to meet their needs, get the wanted position in a company, gain power and satisfaction from their work. However, in its practice, the usage of each element is different based on the needs and desire of each human.

Futility of the American Dream Exposed in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The ideal of the ‘American Dream’ has hardly changed over the past century. The dream is a unique American phenomenon. It represents a nebulous concept that is exemplified by a number of American values. Many deem wealth and success to be the means to this paradigm. When stability, security and family values also become part of the suburban lifestyle, the American Dream comes close to becoming reality. Nick Carraway, the candid narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby analyzes the legitimacy of this principle through the inevitable downfall of Jay Gatsby. The novel takes place during the ‘roaring twenties’ in two sophisticated, affluent Long Island neighborhoods. The people in these neighborhoods epitomize the superficiality and arrogance that distorts the American Dream. Fitzgerald utilizes this environment and its people to examine the negative attributes of the American Dream. Fitzgerald portrays two neighborhoods, East Egg and West Egg, to display the slowly evolving corruption of the American Dream. East Egg houses old money sophisticates, and West Egg accommodates the less fashionable â€Å"nouveau riche† types. The apparent differences cause the two neighborhoods to develop a seeming rivalry. The different neighborhoods are connected through the characters becoming entangled with each other. Both Carraway, and his wealthy, yet enigmatic neighbor, Jay Gatsby live in West Egg. Carraway lives in a modest bungalow, which is overshadowed by Gatsby’s extravagant estate. In his magnificent manor, Gatsby indulges in an excessive and exaggerated lifestyle including many lavish parties: â€Å"In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars† (43). Gatsby considers his prodigious wealth and stature to be the means to regain his one true love, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy's aura of wealt h and privilege--her many clothes, her perfect house, her lack of fear or worry—attract Gatsby's attention and gradual obsession. Gatsby realizes that his own capacity for hope made Daisy seem ideal to him. He does not realize that he is pursuing an image that has no true, lasting value. This realization would have made the world look entirely different to Gatsby, like "a new world, material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously about† (169). Daisy and her unfaithful husband Tom live in a large East Egg mansion directly across from Gatsby’s estate. In this environment, Gatsby’s destiny with Daisy becomes his individual version of the American Dream. Futility of the American Dream Exposed in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays The ideal of the ‘American Dream’ has hardly changed over the past century. The dream is a unique American phenomenon. It represents a nebulous concept that is exemplified by a number of American values. Many deem wealth and success to be the means to this paradigm. When stability, security and family values also become part of the suburban lifestyle, the American Dream comes close to becoming reality. Nick Carraway, the candid narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby analyzes the legitimacy of this principle through the inevitable downfall of Jay Gatsby. The novel takes place during the ‘roaring twenties’ in two sophisticated, affluent Long Island neighborhoods. The people in these neighborhoods epitomize the superficiality and arrogance that distorts the American Dream. Fitzgerald utilizes this environment and its people to examine the negative attributes of the American Dream. Fitzgerald portrays two neighborhoods, East Egg and West Egg, to display the slowly evolving corruption of the American Dream. East Egg houses old money sophisticates, and West Egg accommodates the less fashionable â€Å"nouveau riche† types. The apparent differences cause the two neighborhoods to develop a seeming rivalry. The different neighborhoods are connected through the characters becoming entangled with each other. Both Carraway, and his wealthy, yet enigmatic neighbor, Jay Gatsby live in West Egg. Carraway lives in a modest bungalow, which is overshadowed by Gatsby’s extravagant estate. In his magnificent manor, Gatsby indulges in an excessive and exaggerated lifestyle including many lavish parties: â€Å"In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars† (43). Gatsby considers his prodigious wealth and stature to be the means to regain his one true love, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy's aura of wealt h and privilege--her many clothes, her perfect house, her lack of fear or worry—attract Gatsby's attention and gradual obsession. Gatsby realizes that his own capacity for hope made Daisy seem ideal to him. He does not realize that he is pursuing an image that has no true, lasting value. This realization would have made the world look entirely different to Gatsby, like "a new world, material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously about† (169). Daisy and her unfaithful husband Tom live in a large East Egg mansion directly across from Gatsby’s estate. In this environment, Gatsby’s destiny with Daisy becomes his individual version of the American Dream.

Satire Comparing Mosquitos to Telemarketers Essay -- Mosquito Telemark

Just Like Mosquitoes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mosquitoes have three purposes in the world. The first is to suck blood from multiple diseased animals and spread various infections to humans. The second is to bug, annoy, and make as many people mad as possible. The third is to reproduce and make as many babies as they can to carry on the family tradition. To make a parallel to this topic would like discussing telemarketers. Nearly every aspect of a mosquito has a direct connection to telemarketers such as their nearly countless numbers and their drive to topple the American will. Both of these entities still baffle scholars and researchers to how they happen to be so similar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain things in this world tend to bug us more than others. The worst of these are mosquitoes and telemarketers. Some of the worst ways mosquitoes annoy the American Public are the millions of bug bites we are covered with every year and the downright angering noise that they make. This drives us to exterminate this annoyance by doing the only logical, and smartest, thing we can come up with: Kill Them. Now, with telemarketers it is different, yet practically the same. These bloodsucking fiends keep calling and calling till we have no more energy to answer the phone. They bombard us with stupid products and pointless advertisements that drive us to the limit. Since we can’t kill telemarketers without severe punishment, we are forced to do nothing. The result, tactic, and drive of the telemarketers go hand in hand...

The Genetic Basis of Adaptive Melanism on Pocket Mice Essay examples --

Introduction What's the problem? Examples of animals adapting to the environment have been known as far back as the case of the black peppered moths of England in the mid-1800s. In that case, entire populations of the black peppered moths were observed to change color in response to changes in their environment. More recently, bacteria have been known to develop resistance to antibiotic drugs, insects have developed various forms of resistance to insecticide, and plants have adapted to accommodate higher levels of heavy metals in the soil and water. The problem is that it is difficult to locate the genes that stimulate adaptation for three reasons: 1. Traits must be identified based on how they affect fitness and their ecological relevance. In other words, we need to find a trait that clearly makes a difference in whether or not the animal survives. 2. It is challenging to analyze phenotypes when there is little information known about genes. With the moths, nobody knows which of the moth's genes are responsible for the changes in color, so a genetic analysis is extremely difficult to do. 3. Most fitness-related traits are a mixture of many genes. This makes it hard to pin down the adaptations as a result of the actions of one gene. So where do the mice come in? Dr. Nachman's research explores the connection between genotype and coat color in four populations of rock pocket mice. Rock pocket mice live in rocky habitats in the southwest U.S. and northern Mexico. In the 1930s, classical studies revealed that there was a close correlation between the color of a mouse's coat, and the color of the rocks the mouse lived on. Light-colored mice... ...is mice, the alleles did not appear to be responsible for any changes in coat color. The similarity between coat color of the dark mice at Pinacate and the dark mice at Armendaris is probably due to convergent evolution. The Armendaris mice probably evolved the same adaptation (dark coat color) through a separate genetic mechanism. An interesting research project might be to determine the genetic basis of adaptation in the Armendaris population, and make comparisons. Any such results would be enormously useful in showing how evolution affects individual genes. References Nachman, Michael W. Hope E. Hoekstra, Susan L. D'Agostino. "The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice." www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0431157100. Feb. 26, 2003. Purves,William K., et al. Life: The Science of Biology Sixth Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer Assoicates, Inc. 2001.

Impact of Mixed Ability Classrooms in Catholic School

â€Å" A literature reappraisal is an history of what has been published on a subject by commissioned bookmans and research workers † ( Taylor, P.1 ) . In this chapter, my intent is to convey what cognition and thoughts have been established by others in my research field. I would discourse the literature which would assist me reply my research inquiries: What is the impact of Mixed Ability Classrooms in a Catholic School since its execution in 2005? Did low winners ability grouping scheme of GCS have a important impact on academic school accomplishment? Could Mixed Ability Classrooms and Ability Classrooms continue to coexist in the hereafter? The literature reviews what international organic structure has found on Mixed Ability and Ability Grouping and how it has impacted since execution, every bit good as its deductions in Mauritius particularly for GCS. This chapter is schematically structured as follows: Assorted Ability – Mauritanian definition v/s others Assorted Ability – Learning, Teaching and Assessment Strategies which could be applicable but are non used in the Mauritanian context Assorted Ability – Disadvantages Ability Grouping – Definition and which one is adapted to GCS. The pros and cons of Ability Grouping Ability Grouping v/s – Decisions of other literatures on the correlativity bing between grouping School accomplishment and accomplishment2 Assorted AbilityAssorted Ability is foremost defined before its deduction in the Mauritanian context is considered. Mckeon ( 2004 ) defines Assorted Ability Classroom as a group dwelling of able, mean, and kids with larning troubles in the same category. ( cited in Bremner, 2008, p.2 ) . Ireson and Hallam ( 2001 ) reinforce the thought of Mixed Ability schoolrooms as those providing for diverse â€Å" learning manners † and â€Å" penchants † . ( cited in Bremner, 2008, p.2 ) . These two definitions are consistent with what is found in the Mauritanian context. In 2005, the BEC changed the corporate purpose of all Mauritian Catholic Schools in following the Mixed Ability Policy. This was translated by a alteration in the consumption standards of these schools for Form 1 pupils. Admission standards, under BEC auspices, for Form 1 pupils since 2005 are as follows: Aggregate of 15 to 20 units at the Certificate of Primary Education Zoning: The Secondary School where application is lodged should be in the same zone as the Primary School attended Social Cases: on Humanitarian evidences Individual consequences in English, Mathematics, Science, French or History/Geography ( in that order ) will be used for campaigners with the same sum Aptitude tests/Interviews/Random choice if there are excessively many successful applications( Beginning: BEC, 2003 )Therefore the Form 1 schoolrooms in Catholic Schools had a diverse group of pupils since 2005. This state of affairs harmonises itself with the Catholic Education mission which is to: â€Å" humanise instruction, teaching methods, methods, agencies for pupils, instructors, parents to be more humanaˆÂ ¦A human instruction is a collaborative and originative attack to larning † ( Bishop Piat, Le Mauricien, Jan. 2006 ) . Assorted ability categories in Catholic schools of Mauritius therefore are made up of low, in-between and high winners within the same schoolroom. This construct is acknowledged by Dauguet ( 2007 ) that in Mauritius â€Å" Assorted Ability is related to performance-based groupings † ( p.58 ) and Merven ( 2005 ) â€Å" where pupils with different academic degrees will be in the same schoolroom † ( p.36 ) . It is understood that Mixed Ability is related to distinction since â€Å" diverseness means differences † ( Tileston, 2004, p.13 ) . The construct of distinction can be defined as â€Å" meeting the person demands of each scholar, of custom-making direction to assist pupils larn † ( Fogarty, 2005, p.2 ) . . Rose ( 2009 ) compared a Mixed Ability Class with an lift. The category is a lift, and everyone demands to acquire into the lift. Some will acquire on while others have to be dragged in. Some will go to the top while others may halt at the 3rd floor, others may merely make the first floor but everyone would hold travelled successfully someplace. ( English Teaching Professional, p. 3 ) . This narrative is in line with Mixed Ability doctrine where every pupil can go forth the schoolroom feeling that they have been challenged and that they have achieved something. Teaching, Learning and Appraisals are ingredients used as tools to do a Mixed Ability category effectual.2.1 Learning, Teaching and Assessment Strategies in Mixed Ability ClassroomsGCS Mixed Ability Classrooms have characteristics which are features of both the differentiated schoolroom every bit good as the traditional 1. ( Appendix.. ) . In my survey I aim to happen out whether Assorted Ability Classrooms at GCS were consistent with what is said on the subject in the international literature. Therefore Teaching, Learning and Assessment schemes which are used presently under Mixed Ability Policy would supply stuff for comparative analysis in my research. Tomlinson ( 1999 ) suggested that an pedagogue in a differentiated schoolroom would utilize as their planning footing, the pupils ‘ differences. The scholars on the other manus would be guided to do acquisition picks based on their involvements. In this context the scholars would be provided with an array of larning profiles such as preparedness, involvement and their attitude to larning which would determine direction. In a assorted ability schoolroom there is the possibility that pupils help their co-learners in trouble every bit good as their instructors in happening solutions to jobs. Furthermore pupils work with the pedagogue to establish encompassing whole-class every bit good as single acquisition purposes. In the same line of idea, the Mixed Ability attack expressed by Harris and Snow ( 2004 ) would do pupils go more effectual scholars and the usage of learner-centred schemes would give them the pick of content every bit good as larning manner. ( cited in Bremner, 2008 ) . Bremner ( 2008 ) acknowledged that Mixed Ability Classroom success depends on pupils larning as an person instead than holding a whole category instruction. The instructor in developing its instruction schemes would concentrate on multiple signifiers of intelligences found in diverse schoolroom as stipulated by Tomlinson ( 1999 ) . She farther advocated that in this context pedagogues will do usage of many instructional agreements every bit good as multiple learning stuffs or resources. Therefore this would take to multiple positions on thoughts and events. In this manner, the teacher/facilitator enhances pupil ‘s accomplishments in position of doing independent scholars. The GCS pedagogues in the survey were concerned about the deficiency of resources. The scarce resources could be circumvented ( Bremner 2008 ) by Educators learning scholars to be effectual. This should be done by puting accomplishable ends, by doing usage of available tools and maintaining those in good running conditions, and by pull offing efficaciously their clip allocated for work. To reenforce the key factors which would do a Mixed Ability Class successful, Moutou ( 2006 ) advocated that resource individual should hold a well planned and organised lesson program. The instructor should do proviso to provide for individualized demands. In order to suit assorted pupils ‘ demands, it should be supported by multi undertakings for one lesson. This scenario is more disputing for the instructor covering with multi degree category than a individual degree category. Similarly, this position is consistent with GCS pedagogues who found Mixed Ability Classrooms disputing. This ambitious attitude is reflected by the undermentioned quotation mark from Hubbard, Jones, Thornton and Wheeler: â€Å" Teacher ‘s attitude, their willingness to make, a sense of community in category, and a echt desire to assist, there can be progress at all degrees † ( 1983, p.318, cited in Moutou, 2006, p.1 ) . This ambitious attitude is contrasted with instructor centred attack where learning accent is on text book context and really few activities therefore engendering hapless lessons. This state of affairs is farther reinforced by deficient coaction in groups every bit good as unequal differentiated undertakings in category. ( HM Inspectors of Education cited in Bremner 2008 ) . GCS Educators have been challenged by the new policy to seek new ways of instruction and to do usage of available stuffs. Therefore, preparation and resources are of import tools to do a Mixed Ability category effectual. This links good with what Corbel ( 1989 ) said: â€Å" Professional development occurs of course in Mixed Ability Classes. These are categories that compel us to happen better ways of puting up everyday undertakings. They are the categories that make us believe, create and turn as a instructor † . ( p.4 ) . Learning, instruction and appraisals are portion of the pupil life. Thus, Tomlinson ( 1999 ) advanced that a schoolroom appraisal is â€Å" on-going and diagnostic † ( p.16 ) . He farther acknowledged that assorted types of assignments should be used in Mixed Ability Classrooms. To be in harmoniousness with a scholar ‘s demand clip flexibleness should non be a restraint. Differentiated/Mixed Ability direction and appraisal work together ( Tomlinson 1999, Chapman and King 2005 ) . Marzano ( 2000 ) suggested purposes of appraisal and direction as follows: â€Å" Appraisal should concentrate on pupil ‘s usage of cognition and complex concluding instead than their callback of low degree information † â€Å" Direction must reflect the best of what we know about how learning occurs. † ( cited in Chapman and King, 2005, p. ) Fullan ( 1998 ) reflects the above in qualifying that â€Å" appraisal has to drive the educational alteration docket around larning and pupil accomplishment † ( cited in Chapman and King, 2005, p. ) . Assessment is therefore portion of direction and has to be on-going and encompassing the acquisition procedure. Its purpose is to supply instructors with information on pupils ‘ profiles: â€Å" accomplishments, involvements and larning scheme † ( Tomlinson, 1999, p. ) . Teachers in differentiated schoolroom ( Tomlinson 1999 ) saw assessment non as a tool that semen at the terminal of a chapter or unit where it examined what has been learned instead it views appraisal as a manner of altering direction scheme. Differentiated appraisal should be used to roll up information on the pupils ‘ : â€Å" demands, accomplishments, prior cognition, manner and velocity at which they process new acquisition, and of showing advancement † ( Chapman and King ( 2005 ) p . ) . When sifting through the literature it is observed that varied agencies of appraisal directs larning and direction. In this context Formative Assessment which is ongoing before, during and after direction provides feedback on effectual pupil acquisition ( Chapman and King, 2005 ) . Diagnostic appraisals, as acknowledged by Dryer ( 2008 ) are done during the learning procedure. They tried to observe larning troubles in pupils and this has to be attended to. Appraisals, as defined by Dryer ( 2008 ) occur at the terminal of the ‘learning rhythm or stage and measures accomplishment ‘ are called Summative. The consequences ( p.17 ) are used as acknowledged by Chapman and King ( 2005 ) as ‘evidence for a class, for describing to parents, to place award receivers or to do arrangement determinations ‘ ( p. ) . Differentiated Appraisals are contrasted with traditional appraisal still in usage in Mauritanian schools. Puhl ( 1997 ) reflects on traditional appraisal which has as purpose summational trials that forces scholars to analyze. Traditional assessment focal point in on memorization and instructor centred scheme and encourages direction as a merchandise. The ensuing feedback on summational trials is concluding and normally these trials are written work. Mauritius, whose analyzing organic structure is external – UCLES, is a advocate of summational scrutinies. As it is an island and depends on export and imports for its endurance, it has to vie. This overall competition brings frontward an elitist society where Education follows the tendency. The Mauritanian instruction system allows for ‘star or national ‘ schools where the best acting pupil is recruited, laureates ( top ranked pupils at Higher School Certificate who benefits from a scholarship ) , and the parallel instruction – broad tuition based. All this encouraged the elitist system to proliferate. As lone conc luding mark counts in such system, summational scrutinies are adopted throughout the Mauritanian school system. Although since the 70 ‘s in England, and under the different Education Mauritian policy documents, Mixed Ability doctrine has been encouraged, such schoolrooms have encountered jobs. Salli-copur ( 2005 ) reported that it is hard for a instructor even for a little group to follow each scholar. Due to single differences pupils react otherwise to text book which can be gratifying for some and tiring for others. There is besides the fact that, pupils who feel confident voice out their replies quicker and more frequently than the diffident 1s. GCS Mixed Ability Classrooms are big. As a consequence of ailments from GCS Educators meeting troubles in managing and teaching Mixed Ability Classrooms, Low Achievers Ability Classroom was formed.2.2 Ability GroupingAs a consequence of Mixed Ability Policy implemented in the Catholic School under probe in the research, the low winners ability grouping was formed and used as a scheme to advance acquisition and beef up academic accomplishment. As stipulated by George ( 1988 ) the ability grouping pattern at GCS is aimed at: increasing academic criterions compared to what it was in a assorted ability environment, the pupils which could encompass a good feeling/attitude towards schools and besides in their input as a scholar, reenforcing instructors ‘ effectivity. In perusing through the literature, it was discovered that the ability grouping is besides known as: scene, stria, streaming, tracking. This is reflected in the undermentioned quotation mark: â€Å" The contention of set uping pupils in categories by accomplishment degrees, called ‘setting ‘ or ‘streaming ‘ in Scotland and ‘tracking ‘ or ‘ability grouping ‘ in the United States is over 100 old ages old † . ( Gamoran, 2002 ) . Therefore ability grouping is defined as: â€Å" Ability grouping is the pattern of spliting pupils for direction on the footing of their sensed capacities for larning † ( Balanced View, 2002, Vol 6, No.2 ) . The Balanced View ( 2002 ) makes the differentiation between â€Å" within category grouping † and â€Å" between category grouping † . The former group separates pupils of same ability into smaller groups while the latter allocate pupils to different categories based on accomplishment. GCS has adopted the ulterior system. Smith and Sutherland ( 2003 ) offered a principle for ability grouping in the sense that instructors would experience non merely more at easiness with a smaller scope of ability but besides it could be a manner of dividing pupils with behavior jobs. Such a category would actuate pupils and scholars to larn better than in a Assorted Ability one and therefore hold a opportunity in bettering their consequences. ( cited in the Journal of Research in Particular Education Needs, 2003 ) . GCS standards for Ability Grouping would be consistent with Barker-Lunn ( 1970 ) thought that â€Å" Teachers, faced with a Assorted Ability category, will group the students harmonizing to their abilities ; in other words, they will work out the jobs presented to them by the unstreamed school by streaming within the category † ( Cited in Kelly, 1978, p.96 ) . Kelly ( 1978 ) further added that there is a direct correlativity between accomplishment and grouping. The pupils with same working gait and past accomplishments would be grouped together. The pattern in GCS is correspondent to what is described by Oakes ( 15 & A ; 16 cited in Johnson ( 2002 ) . The latter acknowledged that pupils can be grouped through the undermentioned standards: accomplishment through trials public presentation, instructors ‘ perceptual experience of where to locate the pupils ‘ degree of understanding and learning, and their chances of what pupils intend to make after graduation. Therefore, Oakes acknowledged that a homogenous group would be consistent with the scholars ‘ demands. Johnson ( 2002 ) further emphasised that to group scholars with their equals who are in similar procedure of acquisition is a positive move. Ability grouping would therefore do â€Å" instruction efficient and effectual for all pupils while recognizing single differences. † ( Johnson, 2002, p 2 ) . Grouping harmonizing to ability is non new: Ireson and Hallam recount that: â€Å" Historically, grouping in the UK had been based on steps of general ability or intelligence, such as verbal logical thinking and cognitive abilities. During the 1960 ‘s and 1970 ‘s such trial were used by many secondary schools to apportion students to streams on entry. Students were so taught in their streamed categories for all lessons † ( 1999, p.343-344 ) . GCS Ability grouping could turn out to be a discouraging scheme for the school if the disadvantages that are revealed in the literature become applicable to the school. Oppositions of ability grouping as written in the Balanced View ( 2002 ) do non believe in its good effects as they prescribed that this type of grouping encouraged the channelling of â€Å" hapless and minority pupils † to have â€Å" lower quality direction † therefore lending to enlarge the spread between the low and high winners. ( Vol 6, No.2 ) . Other statements advanced by Hollifield ( 1987 ) against ability grouping are, that â€Å" the pattern creates categories or groups of low winners who are deprived of the illustration and stimulation provided by high winners. Labeling pupils harmonizing to ability and delegating them to low-achievement groups may besides pass on self-fulfilling low outlooks † . ( p.1 ) . This farther links to Gamoran ( 1998 ) unfavorable judgment that ability groupin g creates ‘status hierarchy ‘ in the school system. To label pupils as being ‘incompetent ‘ or ‘less smart ‘ could make ‘inequities outside the schoolroom ‘ ( cited in Johnson, 2002, p.2 ) .2.3 Ability Grouping v/s AccomplishmentSince one of my research inquiries is to happen out the whether there is a important impact between ability grouping and academic accomplishment, it is deserving observing the different literature on the topic. Slavin ( 1986 ) proceeded to a â€Å" Best Evidence Analysis † . To make so, he reviewed five comprehensive ability grouping programs in simple schools. The grouping programs are: â€Å" ability grouped category assignment, reorganizing for reading or mathematics, the Joplin Plan, not graded programs, and within-class ability grouping † ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . The â€Å" Ability Grouped Class Assignment † placed pupils in a schoolroom on an ability footing. The grounds found by Slavin ( 1986 ) showed that this type of grouping has no consequence on pupil accomplishment in the simple school. The â€Å" Regrouping for reading or mathematics † is merely done during those two categories as for most of the twenty-four hours the pupils are in their assorted ability schoolrooms. This grouping has proved advantageous on pupil accomplishment. This has been enhanced by the fact that degree and direction gait had been adapted to achievement degree. However, it must be noted that the above regrouping to be proved efficient, it should be catered for non more than two topics. ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . The ‘Joplin Plan ‘ regrouped pupils across class degrees – for illustration high accomplishing 4th classs, mean 5th graders, low accomplishing six classs form portion of the 50 class reading category. Slavin ‘s ( 1987 ) found strong grounds of such grouping additions reading accomplishment. This piece of information reflects what was said antecedently in the chapter, that the impression of high winners exciting low winners when they are assorted into a schoolroom. ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . The ‘Non Graded Plan ‘ which channelled pupils into flexible groups based on public presentation, the topic course of study is divided in such a manner that pupils improve at their ain gait. This program has proved a positive relationship between grouping and accomplishment. Similarly ‘Within-Class Ability Grouping ‘ where pupils are grouped harmonizing to their ability in one schoolroom, grounds has shown a positive correlativity between grouping and accomplishment. However, Slavin ( 1986 ) , found out that the effects were somewhat greater for low winners than for center or lower circulars. ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . Slavin ( 1986 ) concluded that schools and instructors should follow methods that have proved its effectivity where ability grouping is concerned. These methods include within-class ability grouping in Maths, Non graded programs in Reading, and the Joplin program. If ability grouped category assignment use an alternate grouping where pupils are assigned on public presentation degree so it can be used in ability grouping category. ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . Slavins ‘ ( 1986 ) recommendations for successful ability grouping and positive accomplishment degree: This type of grouping should be done merely for some topics while in other topics the pupils should be in assorted ability schoolrooms. To learn a accomplishment, for illustration, Reading, the usage of grouping programs would cut down pupil heterogeneousness ‘ ( ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . The same program would non work if IQ or Achievement degree is being tested. If the instructor formed little â€Å" within ability groups † this will assist instruction better as the instructor will be able to give better support. ( cited in Hollifield, 1987 ) . The literature has besides revealed that low circulars made as much advancement as high circulars when they are submitted to certain conditions. Gamoran ( 1993 ) explained that a US Catholic schools applied a rigorous academic course of study in lower ability grouping where the same instructors taught in low and high degrees, the academic course of study stayed the same for both groups and verbal interactions and treatments form portion of the instruction and acquisition scheme. All this factors combined had a positive consequence on achievement degree. However, there have been surveies where it has been found that ability grouping aggravate inequalities in accomplishment. Kerckhoff ( 1986 ) ( cited in Gamoran ( 2002 ) , commented on the impact of puting v/s achievement inequality. The grounds that he used came from the National Child Development Survey ( NCDS ) ( informations collected comes from a 1958 British cohort over 20 old ages ) . Data collected are from England and Wales. Kerckhoff showed that pupils ‘ accomplishment degree is greater in schools or categories which apply ability grouping while those pupils in assorted ability categories have decreased achievement degree. However, low degrees schools and categories fell far behind. Kerckhoff ( 1986 ) besides explained that there is an mean degree of achievement growing when comparing Mixed Ability and Setting grouping schools. This is due to the fact that high winners success is balanced against low winners loss. Inequalities in accomplishment could besides be due to differentiated schoolroom direction. In his article, Gamoran ( 2002 ) explained these findings from the surveies of English categories in US secondary schools. The survey revealed that higher degree pupils who are channelled towards more academic classs with the support of experient, qualified and prepared pedagogues who cover instruction and learning stuffs challengingly and at a faster gait show higher degree of accomplishment than the low achieving schoolroom. The low degree of accomplishment for low degree category was due to the riotous behavior of the pupils and where the instructor set written work instead than promoting unfastened ended inquiries and verbal interactions. Ability Grouping fell in disfavor, harmonizing to Hallam, Ireson and Davies ( 2004 ) , when ‘educational theory decided against ability grouping ( puting and streaming ) from the 70 ‘s onwards ‘ ( BERJ 2004, vol 30 ( 4 ) pp 516-533 ) . However over the last decennary there has been a revival of this type of grouping. Its reappearance is commented as being the agency which would assist raising criterions. Hallam, Ireson, and Davies ( 2004 ) recapitulated the grounds for which ability grouping fell in disfavor: â€Å" Low self-pride and societal disaffection of lower watercourse pupils Inconclusive grounds for positive effects on attainment A displacement of educational focal point towards equality of educational chance † ( BERJ 2004, vol 30 ( 4 ) pp 516-533 ) In my research survey, pupils ‘ sentiment on ability group has been sought. Hallam, Ireson and Davies ( 2004 ) admit that there has been few research on ability grouping ( streaming, puting and within category grouping ) where pupils voice out their positions. The research on ability grouping popularised the relationship between that type of grouping and academic, societal and personal results. The article from Hallam, Ireson and Davies ( 2004 ) cited old research which embraces Pupil ‘s position has drawn out the undermentioned accounts: Streaming encourages both positive and negative attitudes towards school and higher winners are pro streaming compared to lower circulars. Puting among mathematics pupils reveal that more pupils would wish to travel sets or articulation categories where assorted ability instruction is being done. In primary schools, the pupils holding higher position in head would wish to be in higher ability grouping. However, most pupils would prefer to be given whole category work or single work. Streaming emphasized the negative effects towards lower watercourses. It is further acknowledged that if students of below norm are taught by instructors who are for streaming in a assorted ability environment, this has a negative impact on the pupil. This can take the signifier that those pupils do non hold any friends and are rejected by their equals. Assorted ability categories encourage societal coherence in the category. It is appropriate at this phase to reexamine the undermentioned statistics on ability grouping. George ( 1988 ) ( cited in Crosby & A ; Owens ( 1993 ) revealed that: â€Å" Educators and parents are in favor of tracking/ability grouping. 85 % of the research says that tracking is non good while 85 % of schools continue to pattern it. â€Å" ( Solutions and Strategies,1995, ( 5 ) p.2 ) . Furthermore George ( 1998 ) and Slavin ( 1991a ) concluded that Ability Grouping research has non prompted any conclusive replies whether it be positive or negative ( Cited in Crosby and Owens, 1993 ) . This is what I intend to happen out with the research inquiry on significance of low accomplishing grouping with academic school accomplishment. I would wish to happen out whether it is consistent or in resistance with George and Slavin ‘s decisions.